The initiative to establish a nuclear weapon free zone should emanate exclusively from states within the. Nuclear weapons make use of one or two forms of interacons between atoms. The middle east nuclear weapon free zone menwfz is a longstanding, united nationsdriven proposal to prohibit nuclear weapons in the middle east. The origins of nuclear weapons free zones belfer center. It was the 28th state to do so, thus meeting the treatys requirements for entry into force. Nuclear weapon free zones nwfzs at a minimum prohibit the stationing, testing, use, and development of nuclear weapons inside a particular geographical region, whether that is a single state, a region, or area governed solely by international agreements. This report explores how that conference, to be hosted by finland, can make progress towards a nuclear free middle east.
Cooperation among nuclearweaponfree zones vienna center. The united states, russia and the united kingdom, the treaty depository powers and. Similar to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, five treaties on regional nuclear weapons free zones require parties to conclude a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the iaea. These treaties cover latin america and the caribbean, the south pacific, southeast asia, africa and central asia. Guided by the declaration on the denuclearization of. May 05, 2003 the 1967 latin american nuclear weapon free zone treaty predated the npt. It was signed in bangkok on december 15, 1995 by the 10 member states of the association of southeast asian nations asean, and will enter into force when the seventh signatory ratifies the treaty. To keep nuclear weapons out of the zone or, in some cases, to allow. An important variation is a proposed middle east weapons of mass destruction free zone mwwmdfz, which would also involve fully verified prohibitions on biological and chemical. Since then, many other resolutions have been introduced to reach the same accord. The treaty is designed to prevent the presence, testing, use, or acquisition of nuclear weapons by the signatories or third parties. Nwfzs was conceived with a view to preventing the emer gence of new nuclear weapon states. Within these nuclear weapon free zones, countries may use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
The value added of nuclearweaponfreezones compared to global. Nuclear weapon free zones nwfzs prohibit the testing, stationing, development, and use of nuclear weapons inside the designated territory. Nuclear weapons free zones learn about nuclear weapons. Nuclearweaponfree zones the establishment of nuclearweapon. Establishment of a nuclearweaponfree zone in the middle east. In this book, analysts from within the respective regions explore the reasons for success and failure in the establishment of the zone, and their utility and limitations as stepping stones to a nuclear weapon free world.
Nuclearweaponfree zones the establishment of nuclearweaponfree zones nwfz is a regional approach to strengthen global nuclear nonproliferation and. A nuclear weapon free zone in the middle east download. Declaration for the conference of nuclearweaponfree zones. The ultimate goal of a nuclear weapons free zone nwfz is to establish the abolishment of nuclear. The entry into force on july 15 of the african nuclearweaponfree zone treaty, also known as the treaty of pelindaba, was largely ignored by the worlds mainstream news media. The importance of nuclear weapons free zones nuclear files. The signatories agreed to prohibit the receipt, storage, installation, deployment or any form of possession of all nuclear weapons, directly or indirectly by any of the parties, by order of third parties or by any other means. In september 1992, mongolia declared itself a nuclear weapon free zone. The southeast asia nuclear weaponfree zone treaty amitav acharya. Nothing in this treaty shall be interpreted as to prevent the use of nuclear sciences and technology for peaceful purposes. The initiative to establish a nuclear weapon free zone should emanate exclusively from states within the region concerned and be pursued by all states of that region.
Nuclear weapon free zones should be established on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the states of the region concerned. In april 1996, the latest agreement on establishing weapons. The united states signed and ratified both protocols to the treaty, completing action in 1981. The southeast asian nuclear weapon free zone treaty seanwfz or the bangkok treaty of 1995, is a nuclear weapons moratorium treaty between 10 southeast asian memberstates under the auspices of the asean. Since that time it has worked in the international system to achieve institutionalization and recognition of this fact. Click download or read online button to get a nuclear weapon free zone in the middle east book now.
Treaty is the first effort at creating a nuclear weapon free zone which asks the nuclear powers to refrain from using and threatening to use nuclear arms not only against parties to the treaty, but also anywhere within the zone. There are five treaties on regional nuclear weapons free zones that require its parties to conclude a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the iaea. In particular, there is a need for an nwfz in northeast asia. A nuclear weapon also called an atom bomb, nuke, atomic bomb, nuclear warhead, abomb, or nuclear bomb is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission fission bomb or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions thermonuclear bomb. Oct 03, 2006 sixtyfirst general assembly first committee 3rd meeting am nuclear weapon free zones, dumping of nuclear waste among issues as disarmament committee continues general debate. Wmdfree middle east proposal at a glance arms control. A nuclearweaponfree zone nwfz is defined by the united nations as an agreement which a group of states has freely established by treaty or convention that bans the use, development, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a given area, that has mechanisms of verification and control to enforce its obligations, and that is recognized as such by the general assembly of the united nations. Within these zones, countries may only use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. A nuclear weapon free zone nwfz is defined by the united nations as an agreement which a group of states has freely established by treaty or convention that bans the use, development, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a given area, that has mechanisms of verification and control to enforce its obligations, and that is recognized as such by the general assembly of the united nations. The director general welcomes the entry into force of the central asian nuclear weapon free zone canwfz. Africas contribution to putting an end to nuclear explosions. Nuclear weapon free zones are agreements intended to provide a legally binding framework to prohibit the use, possession, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a geographically defined zone. The proposed middle east nuclear weapon free zone menwfz is a longstanding, proposal to prohibit the possession and use of nuclear weapons in the middle east.
These zones can range from single states to geographical regions or international areas. General assembly resolution 3472 b 1975 defines a nuclearweaponfree zone as. Nnws non nuclear weapon states npdi nonproliferation and disarmament initiative npt nuclear nonproliferation treaty nsa negative security assurances nwfsh nuclear weapon free southern hemisphere and adjacent areas nwfzs nuclear weapon free zone s nws nuclear weapon states oau organization for african unity. Nuclear weapon free zones the establishment of nuclear weapon free zones nwfz is a regional approach to strengthen global nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament norms and to consolidate. Nuclearweaponfree zones nwfz are a fairly wellstudied element of. It is a significant development and a further nudge toward a world without nuclear weapons. Zones have also been proposed, so far without success, for the middle east, south asia and northeast asia. Nuclearweaponfree zone, came into effect on 15 july 2009 when burundi ratified the treaty. A nuclear weapon is a explosive device that uses a controlled uncontrolled nuclear chain reacon to release huge amounts of energy. Latin america by means of the tlatelolco treaty is one of the finest contributions made by the countries of. As everyone here today will know, under this protocol the nuclear weapon states will extend legally binding assurances not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against any party to the treaty and not to contribute to any act.
As part of their efforts to strengthen their security, stability and development, the parties. Middle east nuclearweaponfree zone federation of american. This makes the african continent the worlds most recent nuclearweaponfree zone and the largest in terms of countries and size. Jun 21, 2017 seeing the ban treaty as a nuclear weapon free zone may be a way for nuclear armed states and their allies to open new doors to engagement with the non nuclear weapon states, while at the same time allowing them to save face. In the wake of the 1962 cuban missile crisis, this treaty signified the desire of states in the region to establish a denuclearized zone.
Aug 31, 2012 in september 1992, mongolia declared itself a nuclearweaponfree zone. Brunei darussalam, cambodia, indonesia, laos, malaysia, myanmar, philippines, singapore, thailand, and vietnam. However, nwfzs are also meant to guarantee that state parties will not be targeted by existing nuclear weapon states. Southeast asian nuclearweaponfree zone treaty wikipedia. Background the idea of a nuclear weapon free zone in southeast asia was first mooted in the early. Believing that a central asian nuclear weapon free zone will help to promote the security of central asian states, particularly if the five nuclear weapon states, as recognized under the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons of 1968 hereafter referred to as the npt adhere to the accompanying protocol on security assurances.
Each treaty establishing a nuclearweaponfree zone includes a protocol for the five nuclear weapon states recognized under the nptchina, france, russia, the united kingdom, and the united statesto sign and ratify. Note that only states as a whole are represented, not separate territorial parts of them even if they would belong to a different group. Nuclearweaponfree zones nwfz at a glance arms control. Page 2 asean and the commitment to end nuclear testing southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone the 10 asean states also make up the southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone seanwfz. Within these nuclearweaponfree zones, countries may use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy. Iaea safeguards, nuclear export controls, and nuclearweapon. Divye garg 10810023 rahul agarwal 10810047 nuclear non proliferation, disarmament and indo us nuclear deal. Steps to promote the achievement of a nuclear weapon free zone in the middle east and the realization of the goals and objectives of the 1995 resolution. African nuclear weaponfree zone treaty pelindaba treaty the parties to this treaty guided by the declaration on the denuclearization of africa, adopted by the assembly of heads of state and government of the organization of african unity hereinafter referred to as oau. Since that time it has worked in the international system to. Each treaty establishing a nuclear weapon free zone includes a protocol for the five nuclear weapon states recognized under the nptchina, france, russia, the united kingdom, and the united statesto sign and ratify. Declaration of the conferences of nuclearweaponfree zones. On the occasion of the conference on the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear.